RNDr. Stanislav Malý, Ph.D. DBA

Tento článek představuje problematiku ergonomických stresorů a rizik. Jsou zde nastíněny hlavní oblasti ve vztahu k ergonomickým stresorům z hlediska firemní praxe a jejich stěžejní aspekty. Ukazuje na možné důsledky nerespektování zásad ergonomie v praxi, na muskuloskeletální onemocnění a související sociálně ekonomické dopady. Vyzvedává význam prevence.

Podstatné změny do systému prevence závažných havárií přinesla zatím poslední evropská směrnice SEVESO III z roku 2012 (2012/18/EU), která plně vstoupila v platnost v červnu roku 2015. Do právního řádu ČR byla převzata v podobě nového zákona o prevenci závažných havárií pod číslem 224/2015 Sb. Přesto, že nový zákon nepředstavuje koncepčně zcela novou právní úpravu, je třeba konstatovat, že změny se dotkly řady ustanovení. V návaznosti na nový systém klasifikace chemických látek podle evropského nařízení o klasifikaci, označování a balení látek a směsí, tzv. nařízení CLP, se změny především projevily v příloze č. 1 zákona, kde jsou definována minimální určující množství látek pro zařazení objektu. Změny se dále projevily rozšířením působnosti zákona, v ustanovení o informování a zapojení veřejnosti, v problematice kontrol dodržování ukládaných povinností a v řadě dalších. V zákoně jsou zakotveny také nové požadavky v problematice bezpečnostních dokumentací. Významnou otázkou jsou podstatné změny v procesu posuzování bezpečnostních dokumentací.

Large quantity of models for pool fire characteristics is available in the literature. In the present work, we implemented different possibilities of heat fraction calculation and we introduced the flame length in order to calculate the point source-target distance. Finally we do not consider the atmospheric stability as constant but we introduced simple mathematical correlation and compare both the model with and without this parameter. The present contribution shows that the Effects model and presented model are almost same based on the heat flux calculation results and therefore that the implementation of the Yellow book model is well done. Nevertheless, from an area of the pool of approximately 5000 m2 there are differences between both models. Those differences are evaluated about 10%. Moreover, it is interesting to evaluate the pool fire behavior according to the nature of the fuel. For the same scenario that is say for the same ambient condition and mass of fuel the variation of the heat of flux as a function to the area of the pool for benzene, gasoline and methanol were shown. The methanol burning is characterized by flame which is not enough visible. We can conclude that more the soot is present when a fuel burn more the heat of flux is affected.

V srpnu 2015 navštívila Výzkumný ústav bezpečnosti práce, v.v.i. předsedkyně Technologické agentury ČR Ing. Rut Bízková spolu s místopředsedou RNDr. Martinem Bunčekem, Ph.D. Všichni zúčastnění diskutovali o široké škále problematiky vědy a výzkumu a její financování v neakademických veřejných výzkumných institucích.

Vzpomínka RNDr. Stanislava Malého na odborníka a kolegu RNDr. Michala Stibitze, který v letošním roce zemřel.

If containment of a flammable liquid is lost and the consequent vapor-air mixture is ignited, estimation of radiation from thermal radiation generated depends upon number of factors. The point source model for the prediction of thermal radiation from liquid pool fires was adopted for the evaluation of the effect distances of Pool Fire we modified the simple point source model for calculation of the effect distances directly from the mass of flammable liquid in Pool Fire. The point source model considers the heat source (i.e. the flame) as a point that emits in all directions. The original model considers the heat received by the observer as a fraction of the heat of combustion multiplied by the burning rate. This heat decreases with the square of the distance from the source and with the transmissivity of the ambient air. In the presented model we implemented different possibilities of heat fraction calculation and we introduced the flame length in order to calculate the point source-target distance. Finally we do not consider the atmospheric stability as s constant but we introduced simple mathematical correlation and compare both the model with and without this parameter. The modified relationship was compared with experimental results and discussion of results is performed.

To understand the accident and at the same time to create a proper emergency scenarios, it is necessary to know the physical nature of emergency events. The aim of this contribution is to describe the possibility of verifying the characteristics of the phenomenon of Fire Ball, as accidental phenomenon, which is often present in major accidents in the industry. At the beginning of the contribution are described the conditions that are necessary or sufficient for its creation. There is also described a simple model for calculating the basic parameters related to this phenomenon - size, diameter, duration, effects distance, etc. In the second part of the contribution three major fire ball accidents using the ARIA and e-MARS databases are described. In the third part of the article description is made of the currently used mathematical models of the phenomenon and a comparison is made of the mathematical model developed and used for this work with the results of experimental simulations, theoretical models and the data from the accident with the occurrence of this phenomenon.

A purpose of this article is to contribute to the question: “How the major accident safety information campaigns for the public have been made in recent years” with regard to legal requirements and regulations for measures to prevent or limit the consequences of serious chemical accidents. The regulations on the control of major accident hazards involving dangerous substances in Europe and in the Czech Republic involve public information planning with the purpose of making citizens aware of industrial risks, and possibilities to limit consequences of a major accident that have potential influence on public health, environment and assets, by implementing required behavior and safety measures. In this study we deal with the analysis of the Czech public information approach according to the EU legislative framework, and describe this approach using a set of examples. Our aim is to describe and compare the most important legislative regulations concerning the public information process and the measure of implementation of the EU regulations into Czech ones, and based on this comparison we point out the actual trend.

Problems following the application of optimal operative temperatures estimated on the basis of PMV and the necessity to apply correct values into the new Czech Government Directive No. 523/2002 Code led to experiments based on the physiological human body response instead of on solely man’s feelings in a defined environment. On the basis of experiments on 32 subjects (university students) it has been possible to estimate: a) total balance of hygrothermal flows between the human body and environment, b) the optimal operative temperature as a function of the subject’s activity, c) the thermoregulatory range for each optimal operative temperature, i.e. maximal (category Cmax) limited by the beginnings of sweating, minimal (category Cmin) limited by the beginnings of shivering (category C can be applied to the natural ventilated buildings), optimal (comfort level – category A) defined by time constant 0.368 (can be applied to air conditioned buildings) and submaximum (decreased comfort level – category B) defined by time constant 0.632 (can be applied to buildings with basic air conditioning systems).